Fort Pierce celebrates inlet’s centennial

aerial shot of the new Fort Pierce Inlet
Few structures are visible on South Beach, at the bottom of this May 1921 photograph, in this aerial shot of the new Fort Pierce Inlet. ST. LUCIE COUNTY REGIONAL HISTORY CENTER

Events to mark the day the Fort Pierce Inlet and the Atlantic Ocean met a century ago

BY ANTHONY WESTBURY

It was the biggest party the young city had ever seen.

Almost the entire population of Fort Pierce [fewer than 2,000 people] took to the streets on May 12, 1921, to celebrate an achievement that had been more than 10 years in the making: the cutting of a new inlet that “married the ocean and the Indian River.”

The daylong celebration included the city’s first parachute jump, boat rides, parades and speeches, a community fish dinner, a big local baseball game, concerts and a street dance.

It was a moment for chest-puffing civic pride.

There had long been an original inlet that linked ocean and river. It was a mile or so north of downtown across from St. Lucie Village, meeting the Atlantic at a point roughly where present-day Pepper Park stands.

Yet the old inlet had proved barely adequate for the flat-bottomed fishing vessels that used it most frequently. The inlet was notoriously unreliable; it shoaled badly after storms and often was plugged up with sand and silt. Boats often had to be dragged over land, sometimes requiring tree trunks to be used as rollers. Finally, by the early years of the 20th century, it closed up for good.

Today’s inlet
Today’s inlet is much wider and deeper than the original cut, which was only 7 feet deep and intended primarily for fishing vessels. JOE SEMKOW

EARLY ATTEMPTS FAILED

As long ago as the 1890s there had been attempts at improving the inlet. Sporadic dredging had taken place, but storms inevitably quickly closed the gap.

Local commercial fishermen began to look for an alternative. After a couple of unsuccessful attempts at digging a new inlet on North Hutchinson Island, attention turned to south of the city.

In 1913, fish house owner Richard Whyte organized an expedition to Mud Creek, at a point immediately north of where the St. Lucie Nuclear Plant sits.

Whyte shipped mules and scrapers on barges down the river. At first, his efforts looked promising. The mules were able to cut a channel through to the ocean, but a storm quickly washed all the excavated material back into the new cut.

Worse yet, a group of bears then living on the almost uninhabited island got into the mule’s corral and stampeded the terrified beasts all over the island.

All work ceased and never occurred at that site again, despite at least one attempt to try again a few years later.

Fort Pierce Inlet
About 50 feet of land separates the river, left, from the ocean shortly before the dredge broke through the final barrier at about 8 p.m., May 8, 1921. ST. LUCIE COUNTY REGIONAL HISTORY CENTER

ASSOCIATION LOBBIED ENDLESSLY

Meanwhile, efforts to cut a new inlet in roughly the same position as the current day channel began to crystallize. The Indian River Inlet Association formed around a group of local businessmen, including hardware store owner and mosquito control pioneer, Will Fee.

From about 1916 onward, the group generated voluminous correspondence and studies of the feasibility of cutting a new inlet immediately east of Fort Pierce.

In February 1916, they agreed to survey land in the area of Tucker’s Cove, just west of the present Inlet State Park.

Cost estimates ranged from $13,950 for a 100-foot-wide and 5-foot-deep channel to $5,550 for a 30-foot-wide version. The U.S. War Department expressed interest in the project but insisted on the posting of a $20,000 bond to pay for any damage to navigation on the Indian River. This additional burden put the project on hold for another two years.

By 1918, the clamor for a viable inlet was mounting. During the 1919 Florida Legislative session, state Rep. Richard Whyte enacted a bill allowing the inlet district to levy taxes to excavate and maintain a new inlet.

Revised cost estimates for a channel and jetties projecting into the ocean had soared to $76,500.

In March 1919, Tucker sold the inlet district commission a 400-foot strip of land through which the new channel would run.

A public vote authorized an $80,000 bond issue to cover construction costs. Shortly afterward, the Seaboard Dredging Co. began work.

DIGGING REPORTS PUBLISHED

The inlet digging was keenly followed by the public through the pages of the Fort Pierce News Tribune. By May 1920, the paper excitedly reported the dredge was within 50 feet of breaking through to the ocean. Work would stop while the stone jetties were put in place.

On May 8, 1921, the final few feet of sand were removed around 8 p.m. and the ocean — three or four feet higher than the river — rushed through, scattering the dredge and taking barges and equipment out to sea.

For the next few days, the strong 6-knot current in the inlet gradually subsided as the water cut its own channel. At first, small boats had had trouble negotiating the current, even running at full power.

The grand opening was set for May 12. All local businesses would close for the afternoon. The celebration would begin at 9:30 a.m. with the first parachute jump ever seen in Fort Pierce. Then free boat rides would allow residents to inspect the new inlet up close. After speeches by local and state dignitaries, a fried fish dinner was served to hundreds by the Women’s Club for 20 cents a plate.

That afternoon, the Fort Pierce baseball team got into the spirit of the day by thrashing rivals West Palm Beach, 9-1. Band concerts and a street dance completed the day, allowing excited locals to let off a little steam.

The whole town, including motor cars, was decorated with flags and bunting. As the News Tribune, brimming with local pride, noted, “the celebration should be made to eclipse all other celebrations on the East Coast, for the inlet is worth it and the St. Lucie County people do things that way.”

Edwin Binney after a day’s fishing with friends in 1933
Edwin Binney left, after a day’s fishing with friends in 1933, was an important part of the effort to make Fort Pierce a full commercial shipping port. ST. LUCIE COUNTY REGIONAL HISTORY CENTER

BINNEY FORMED INLET VISION

Edwin Binney
Edwin Binney, Fort Pierce’s most famous winter visitor and the inventor of Crayola Crayons, became a director of the inlet district in 1923.

Yet, while the new inlet was certainly a step forward, the creation of a modern deep-water port didn’t happen for almost another decade. For one thing, the channel was only 7 feet deep, inadequate for commercial vessels.

Until now, Fort Pierce’s most famous winter visitor and the inventor of Crayola Crayons had not gotten himself involved in the inlet effort. But in 1923, Edwin Binney agreed to become a director of the inlet district. He began to form his own vision of what Fort Pierce could become.

It quickly became apparent that enlarging the inlet and creating port facilities was becoming out of the reach of local financing efforts — despite boom times in Fort Pierce in the 1920s, when property values skyrocketed until evaporating following the 1929 stock market crash.

In 1923, $220,000 was raised to extend the jetties and deepen the inlet to 14 feet. In 1925, another bond issue for $400,000 was approved by voters. Spoil created by the latest dredging was used to form a causeway across the river, roughly in the same position as today’s South Bridge.

Successive bond issues reached $600,000 and the wider, deeper inlet and a new channel reaching the mainland, including a turning basin, was handed over to the new Fort Pierce Port Commission in 1929. By now, railroad sidings had been added to the port area and the city constructed a large warehouse on the waterfront.

The first commercial cargoes of lumber had been arriving via sailing schooners since 1925, but the new port officially opened for business in February 1930 with the arrival of the Baltimore & Carolina Lines’ 250-ton freighter Betty Weems, and thrice-weekly service to Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York.

The first commercial cargo steamship the Betty Weems
The first commercial cargo steamship, the Betty Weems, sails through the new Fort Pierce Inlet on its way to the Port of Fort Pierce in February 1930. ST. LUCIE COUNTY REGIONAL HISTORY CENTER

PORT BUSINESS FLOURISHED

Binney had been instrumental in financing the last few years of port development. Along with using his own personal fortune, he spared no efforts enlisting government aid. In 1932, as a result of Binney’s connections, the U.S. War Department agreed to take over the port with an initial commitment of $250,000 for further improvement and maintenance and $50,000 a year for continued upkeep.

the Nathan Cleaves
Some commercial sailing vessels like the Nathan Cleaves, being guided through the new inlet by shrimp boats in 1925, were able to unload and load cargo at the port. ST. LUCIE COUNTY REGIONAL HISTORY CENTER

The new port posted a marvelous cargo record and Fort Pierce became one of Florida’s leading shipping points for citrus and vegetables. Binney’s final contribution to the port was the construction of a state-of-the-art refrigeration terminal built where Derecktor Shipyards is busy creating its mega yacht repair and refit center.

Once the refrigeration terminal became operational in 1935, Fort Pierce became the largest handler of perishable goods and the state’s largest commercial fishing port. The new plant was served by three railroad sidings and boasted a deep-water slip alongside the building. A slat conveyor system could move fruit at a rate of 60 boxes a minute directly into the holds of waiting ships. The plant handled citrus, meat, eggs, poultry and vegetables and served agricultural interests within a 100-mile radius of the city.

inlet
The opening of the inlet that connected the Indian River Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean in 1921 was an achievement that had been more than 10 years in the making. JOE SEMKOW

Sadly, Binney never got to see his latest creation. In 1934, while traveling from his home in Greenwich, Connecticut, he died after suffering a heart attack during a stop in Gainesville. He was on his way to inspect the new plant before it began operations.

World War II halted all operations at the port and after the war, railroad and trucking companies dropped their shipping rates to render coastal shipping impractical. The port never recovered and has remained in the doldrums ever since.

See the original article in the print publication


Fort Pierce daredevil thrilled crowd at inlet celebration

Madeline Davis
Madeline Davis poses aboard a seaplane, possibly the aircraft that took her over the new inlet on May 12, 1921, for Fort Pierce’s first parachute jump. JOANNE BLANDFORD

While the new inlet was supposed to be the center of attention on May 12, 1921, 24-year-old Madeline Davis stole the show.

Hundreds, if not thousands, of locals gathered to watch the daring young woman board a seaplane at Cobb’s Dock and take to the air over the water, gradually reaching a height of about 1,400 feet. Davis then slipped off the wing and floated gently to earth, tethered to her canvas chute only by a circus trapeze.

Spectators held their collective breath as Davis slid off the wing. The chute seemed to drag, but after a few tense seconds it opened perfectly, showering the area with newspaper pages inserted between the folds to stop the apparatus from jamming.

She floated down serenely and even entertained the cheering crowds with a few tricks on her trapeze.

Davis had long been fascinated by all things aviation-related. She’d always been a bit of a daredevil but it was seeing someone jump from a tethered balloon at a county fair in Nebraska that gave her the bug.

In 1918, her family relocated to Fort Pierce, where her mother became a cook for the Old Dixie Cafeteria and her father worked as a carpenter.

Davis traveled all over the country every summer with carnivals, making parachute jumps and performing other aerial stunts.

The Davis family still lives in St. Lucie County. Madeline’s nephew, Bob Davis, for many years was the county tax collector.

Yet her moment of glory in Fort Pierce was to be short-lived.

In October 1921, only months after jumping over the new Fort Pierce Inlet, she was trying out for a job with Ruth Law’s Flying Circus in New Jersey. Davis was practicing a new trick in which Law drove an open car at about 45 mph along a road while a pilot swooped down just above the speeding vehicle. Madeline was supposed to grab a rope ladder dangling from the plane and haul herself into the aircraft.

As the plane hovered overhead, Davis grabbed the ladder but didn’t have enough strength in her hands to keep hold of it. She fell out of the car and died of a fractured skull. She was buried in Fort Pierce’s Riverview Memorial Park.

Laws later recalled Davis’ pitch for the new job.

“There is nothing on land or in the air that I am afraid of,” she boasted, according to Laws. “I have been flying for this last two years and doing all sorts of stunts in the air and parachute jumping. Now I want to do something different; something that no one else does, at least no other woman does … I ought to be a big attraction for your company.”

— Anthony Westbury


FortPierceInletat100.com — For more about the inlet celebration, events and history

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